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Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment

Identifieur interne : 00BE81 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00BE80; suivant : 00BE82

Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment

Auteurs : N. Knzli [Suisse] ; R. Kaiser ; S. Medina ; M. Studnicka [Autriche] ; O. Chanel [France] ; P. Filliger [Suisse] ; M. Herry [Autriche] ; F. Horak Jr [Autriche] ; V. Puybonnieux-Texier [France] ; P. Qunel ; J. Schneider [Autriche] ; R. Seethaler [Australie] ; J-C Vergnaud [France] ; H. Sommer [Suisse]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:8FBB02E5A4E8FD93EA061F5B971FC63CEA36A880

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Summary: Background Air pollution contributes to mortality and morbidity. We estimated the impact of outdoor (total) and traffic-related air pollution on public health in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Attributable cases of morbidity and mortality were estimated.Methods Epidemiology-based exposure-response func-tions for a 10 g/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM10) were used to quantify the effects of air pollution. Cases attributable to air pollution were estimated for mortality (adults 30 years), respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions (all ages), incidence of chronic ronchitis (adults 25 years), bronchitis episodes in children (>15 years), restricted activity days (adults 20 years), and asthma attacks in adults and children. Population exposure (PM10) was modelled for each km2. The traffic-related fraction was estimated based on PM10 emission inventories.Findings Air pollution caused 6 of total mortality or more than 40000 attributable cases per year. About half of all mortality caused by air pollution was attributed to motorised traffic, accounting also for: more than 25000 new cases of chronic bronchitis (adults); more than 290000 episodes of bronchitis (children); more than 05 million asthma attacks; and more than 16 million persondays of restricted activities.Interpretation This assessment estimates the public-health impacts of current patterns of air pollution. Although individual health risks of air pollution are relatively small, the public-health consequences are considerable. Traffic-related air pollution remains a key target for public-health action in Europe. Our results, which have also been used for economic valuation, should guide decisions on the assessment of environmental health-policy options.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02653-2


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<div type="abstract">Summary: Background Air pollution contributes to mortality and morbidity. We estimated the impact of outdoor (total) and traffic-related air pollution on public health in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Attributable cases of morbidity and mortality were estimated.Methods Epidemiology-based exposure-response func-tions for a 10 g/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM10) were used to quantify the effects of air pollution. Cases attributable to air pollution were estimated for mortality (adults 30 years), respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions (all ages), incidence of chronic ronchitis (adults 25 years), bronchitis episodes in children (>15 years), restricted activity days (adults 20 years), and asthma attacks in adults and children. Population exposure (PM10) was modelled for each km2. The traffic-related fraction was estimated based on PM10 emission inventories.Findings Air pollution caused 6 of total mortality or more than 40000 attributable cases per year. About half of all mortality caused by air pollution was attributed to motorised traffic, accounting also for: more than 25000 new cases of chronic bronchitis (adults); more than 290000 episodes of bronchitis (children); more than 05 million asthma attacks; and more than 16 million persondays of restricted activities.Interpretation This assessment estimates the public-health impacts of current patterns of air pollution. Although individual health risks of air pollution are relatively small, the public-health consequences are considerable. Traffic-related air pollution remains a key target for public-health action in Europe. Our results, which have also been used for economic valuation, should guide decisions on the assessment of environmental health-policy options.</div>
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